我想运行一些Android的测试，但是，编译器会抱怨多个DEX文件存在。

I'm trying to run some Android tests, however, the compiler complains that multiple dex files exist.

Multiple dex files define Lorg/hamcrest/MatcherAssert;

所以我想过滤重复的依赖关系： $ ./gradlew -q依赖的应用程序：依赖--configuration androidTestCompile

不过，我得到以下的输出：

However I get the following output:

------------------------------------------------------------
Project :app
------------------------------------------------------------

androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources.
+--- org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5
|    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1 -> 1.3
|    \--- org.objenesis:objenesis:1.0 -> 2.1
+--- com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.2
|    +--- com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.2
|    \--- org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5 (*)
+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0
|    +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
|    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.1
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1 -> 1.3
|    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.1
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1 -> 1.3
|    +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
|    +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.0
|    +--- com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1
|    |    \--- junit:junit-dep:4.10
|    |         \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1 -> 1.3
|    +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1
|    +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2
|    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1 -> 1.3
+--- com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1 (*)
+--- org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:1.5.6
|    +--- junit:junit:4.11
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
|    \--- org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4-common:1.5.6
|         +--- junit:junit:4.4 -> 4.11 (*)
|         +--- org.powermock:powermock-core:1.5.6
|         |    +--- org.powermock:powermock-reflect:1.5.6
|         |    |    \--- org.objenesis:objenesis:2.1
|         |    \--- org.javassist:javassist:3.18.2-GA
|         \--- org.powermock:powermock-reflect:1.5.6 (*)
\--- org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito:1.5.6
     \--- org.powermock:powermock-api-support:1.5.6
          +--- org.powermock:powermock-core:1.5.6 (*)
          \--- org.powermock:powermock-reflect:1.5.6 (*)

(*) - dependencies omitted (listed previously)

我很困惑，什么样的箭头（ - >）的意思。这是什么意思？

I'm confused as what the arrows (->) mean. What do they mean?

推荐答案

这意味着，依赖图包含多个依赖具有相同组和模块，但不同的版本，例如 org.hamcrest：hamcrest芯。摇篮尝试自动解决冲突的版本 - 默认为最新的版本选择。在左侧的 - ＆GT; 是所请求的版本，在右侧将采摘的版本。 这里类似的问题都可以找到。

It means that dependency graph contains multiple dependencies with the same group and module but different versions for e.g. org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core. Gradle tries to resolve conflicted versions automatically - by default the latest version is chosen. On the left side of -> is the requested version, on the right the version that will be picked. Here similar question can be found.