格兰迪的比赛将一摞成两个不相等的桩格兰、两个、不相等、将一摞成

2023-09-11 05:21:09 作者:得劲

我所遇到的一个问题。

有结石,其中第i个堆有喜石头在里面ñ桩。 Alice和Bob玩下面的游戏:

There are N piles of stones where the ith pile has xi stones in it. Alice and Bob play the following game:

a. Alice starts, and they alternate turns.

b. In a turn, a player can choose any one of the piles of stones and divide the stones in it into any number of unequal piles such that no two of the piles you create should have the same number of stones. For example, if there 8 stones in a pile, it can be divided into one of these set of piles: (1,2,5), (1,3,4), (1,7), (2,6) or (3,5). 

c. The player who cannot make a move (because all the remaining piles are indivisible) loses the game.

由于初始设定桩,谁赢得比赛假定双方球员发挥最佳?

Given the starting set of piles, who wins the game assuming both players play optimally?

最重要的陈述书答案应该是爱丽丝如果Alice赢得别人的答案是鲍勃。

Most important statement-"The answer should be Alice if Alice wins else the answer is Bob."

现在我的问题是,如果我们只有一个一堆石头8开始,实际的答案是鲍勃。但据我在想,如果Alice打破了最初的一组8石头变成了7和1两堆即 8-> 7 + 1 那么有没有那么鲍勃可以赢了,如果爱丽丝最佳策略(最佳)中扮演的方式。然而,答案是鲍勃。有人可以帮我找出原因,答案是鲍勃?我想我已经标记为最重要的上述声明是相当重要的这个答案,但我不能弄明白呢。任何人都可以帮忙吗?您可以参考此链接,显示rel="nofollow">的格兰迪的游戏维基百科完全相同的插图上7+1 then there is not way that Bob could win if Alice plays with best strategy(optimally). Yet the answer is Bob. Can someone help me out to find out why the answer is Bob? I think the statement which I have marked as most important above matters a lot in this answer but I am not able to figure it out yet. Can anyone help? You can refer to this link which shows the exactly same illustration on Wikipedia of "Grundy's Game"

任何基本的想法也是AP preciated。

Any elementary idea is also appreciated.

伙计们,这是我面临的具体问题。任何一个小想法也AP preciated。

Guys this is the exact problem I am facing. Any small idea is also appreciated.

Grundy's游戏扩展到两个以上的堆

推荐答案

如果爱丽丝先行,没有提供给她的举动让她赢。证明由耗尽:

If Alice goes first, none of the moves available to her will allow her to win. Proof by exhaustion:

如果爱丽丝把石头变成 5,2,1 ,然后鲍勃胜在下列方式:

If Alice divides the stones into 5,2,1, then Bob wins in the following way:

在Bob的转变。 5,2,1 - > 4,2,1,1 在爱丽丝的转变。她唯一合法的举动是把四个。 4,2,1,1 - > 3,2,1,1,1 在Bob的转变。 3,2,1,1,1 - > 2,2,1,1,1,1 在爱丽丝的转变。无动作都可用。爱丽丝输了。 Bob's turn. 5,2,1 -> 4,2,1,1 Alice's turn. Her only legal move is to divide the four. 4,2,1,1 -> 3,2,1,1,1 Bob's turn. 3,2,1,1,1 -> 2,2,1,1,1,1 Alice's turn. No moves are available. Alice loses.

如果爱丽丝把石头变成 4,3,1 ,然后鲍勃胜在下列方式:

If Alice divides the stones into 4,3,1, then Bob wins in the following way:

在Bob的转变。 4,3,1 - > 3,3,1,1 在爱丽丝的转变。她唯一合法的举动是把三。 3,3,1,1 - > 3,2,1,1,1 在Bob的转变。 3,2,1,1,1 - > 2,2,1,1,1,1 在爱丽丝的转变。无动作都可用。爱丽丝输了。 Bob's turn. 4,3,1 -> 3,3,1,1 Alice's turn. Her only legal move is to divide a three. 3,3,1,1 -> 3,2,1,1,1 Bob's turn. 3,2,1,1,1 -> 2,2,1,1,1,1 Alice's turn. No moves are available. Alice loses.

如果爱丽丝把石头变成 7,1 ,然后鲍勃胜在下列方式:

If Alice divides the stones into 7,1, then Bob wins in the following way:

在Bob的转变。 7,1 - > 4,2,1,1 (请注意,此举动是在维基百科不可能只分分成两堆的规则,而不是在任择议定书的分进任意数量的桩的规则。) 在爱丽丝的转变。她唯一合法的举动是把四个。 4,2,1,1 - > 3,2,1,1,1 在Bob的转变。 3,2,1,1,1 - > 2,2,1,1,1,1 在爱丽丝的转变。无动作都可用。爱丽丝输了。 Bob's turn. 7,1 -> 4,2,1,1 (Note that this move is impossible under Wikipedia's "divide only into two piles" rule, but not under the OP's "divide into any number of piles" rule.) Alice's turn. Her only legal move is to divide the four. 4,2,1,1 -> 3,2,1,1,1 Bob's turn. 3,2,1,1,1 -> 2,2,1,1,1,1 Alice's turn. No moves are available. Alice loses.

如果爱丽丝把石头变成 6.2 ,然后鲍勃胜在下列方式:

If Alice divides the stones into 6,2, then Bob wins in the following way:

在Bob的转变。 6.2 - > 4,2,2 在爱丽丝的转变。她唯一合法的举动是把四个。 4,2,2 - > 3,2,2,1 在Bob的转变。 3,2,2,1 - > 2,2,2,1,1 在爱丽丝的转变。无动作都可用。爱丽丝输了。 Bob's turn. 6,2 -> 4,2,2 Alice's turn. Her only legal move is to divide the four. 4,2,2 -> 3,2,2,1 Bob's turn. 3,2,2,1 -> 2,2,2,1,1 Alice's turn. No moves are available. Alice loses.

如果爱丽丝把石头变成 5.3 ,然后鲍勃胜在下列方式:

If Alice divides the stones into 5,3, then Bob wins in the following way:

在Bob的转变。 5.3 - > 3,3,2 在爱丽丝的转变。她唯一合法的举动是把三。 3,3,2 - > 3,2,2,1 在Bob的转变。 3,2,2,1 - > 2,2,2,1,1 在爱丽丝的转变。无动作都可用。爱丽丝输了。 Bob's turn. 5,3 -> 3,3,2 Alice's turn. Her only legal move is to divide a three. 3,3,2 -> 3,2,2,1 Bob's turn. 3,2,2,1 -> 2,2,2,1,1 Alice's turn. No moves are available. Alice loses.