由于源字符串取值和 N 相等长度的字符串，我需要找到一个快速的算法来回报那些有至多 K ，可从每个相应的位置上源字符串取值不同的字符的字符串。

Given a source string s and n equal length strings, I need to find a quick algorithm to return those strings that have at most k characters that are different from the source string s at each corresponding position.

什么是快速算法来做到这一点？

What is a fast algorithm to do so?

PS：我有要求，这是一个学术的问题。我想找到最有效的算法，如果可能的话。

PS: I have to claim that this is a academic question. I want to find the most efficient algorithm if possible.

此外，我错过了一个信息非常重要的一块。该 N 相等长度的字符串形成一本字典，对其中许多源字符串取值会被人质疑。似乎有某种preprocessing步骤，使之更有效率。

Also I missed one very important piece of information. The n equal length strings form a dictionary, against which many source strings s will be queried upon. There seems to be some sort of preprocessing step to make it more efficient.

推荐答案

塞奇威克在他的著作算法写道：的三元搜索树允许找到一个给定的海明内的所有的话距离查询词的。在道博博士的 文章

Sedgewick in his book "Algorithms" writes that Ternary Search Tree allows "to locate all words within a given Hamming distance of a query word". Article in Dr. Dobb's