如何生成在Python列表中的所有排列排列、列表中、Python

2023-09-10 22:21:03 作者:因帅被判无妻i

你如何产生的Python列表的所有排列,独立的元素在该列表类型的?

例如:

 排列([])
[]

置换([1])
[1]

置换([1,2])
[1,2]
[2,1]

置换([1,2,3])
[1,2,3]
[1,3,2]
[2,1,3]
[2,3,1]
[3,1,2]
[3,2,1]
 

编辑: Eliben指出了一个解决方案,这是与我相似,虽然比较简单,所以我选择它作为公认的答案,虽然Python的2.6+有 itertools 模块中内置的解决方案:

 进口itertools
和itertools.permutations([1,2,3])
 
setpythonhome 在QT C 中调用 Python并将软件打包发布 裸机可运行

解决方案

与Python 2.6开始(如果你在Python 3中),你有一个标准库工具这样的:itertools.permutations.

如果您使用的是较老的Python(小于2.6)由于某种原因或只是好奇,想知道它是如何工作的,这里有一个很好的方法,从http://$c$c.activestate.com/recipes/252178/:

 高清all_perms(元素):
    如果len(元素)LT = 1:
        产量要素
    其他:
        用于烫发的all_perms(元素[1:]):
            因为我在范围内(LEN(元素)):
                #NB元素[0:1]在这两个字符串和列表环境工程
                产生烫发[我] +元素[0:1] +烫发[我:]
 

一对夫妇的替代方法列和itertools.permutations 的文档。这里有一个:

 高清排列(迭代器,R =无):
    #置换(ABCD,2) - > AB AC AD BA BC BD CA CB CD DA DB DC
    #置换(范围(3)) - > 012 021 102 120 201 210
    池=元组(迭代器)
    N = LEN(池)
    R =正,如果r为无其他ř
    在r> N:
        返回
    指数=范围(N)
    周期=范围(正,N-R 1,-1)
    产量元组(池[我]因为我在指数[:R])
    而N:
        因为我在逆转(范围(R)):
            周期[I]  -  1 =
            如果周期[我] == 0:
                指数为[I:] =指数为[I + 1:] +指数为[I:I + 1]
                周期[我] = N  - 我
            其他:
                J =周期[I]
                指数为[I]​​中,指数[-j] =指数为[-j],指数为[I]
                产量元组(池[我]因为我在指数[:R])
                打破
        其他:
            返回
 

和其它的基础上, itertools.product

 高清排列(迭代器,R =无):
    池=元组(迭代器)
    N = LEN(池)
    R =正,如果r为无其他ř
    在产品指数(范围(n)时,重复= r)的:
        如果len(集(指数))== R:
            产量元组(池[I]为我的索引)
 

How do you generate all the permutations of a list in Python, independently of the type of elements in that list?

For example:

permutations([])
[]

permutations([1])
[1]

permutations([1, 2])
[1, 2]
[2, 1]

permutations([1, 2, 3])
[1, 2, 3]
[1, 3, 2]
[2, 1, 3]
[2, 3, 1]
[3, 1, 2]
[3, 2, 1]

EDIT: Eliben pointed to a solution that's similar to mine although simpler, so I'm choosing it as the accepted answer, although Python 2.6+ has a builtin solution in the itertools module:

import itertools
itertools.permutations([1, 2, 3])

解决方案

Starting with Python 2.6 (and if you're on Python 3) you have a standard-library tool for this: itertools.permutations.

If you're using an older Python (<2.6) for some reason or are just curious to know how it works, here's one nice approach, taken from http://code.activestate.com/recipes/252178/:

def all_perms(elements):
    if len(elements) <=1:
        yield elements
    else:
        for perm in all_perms(elements[1:]):
            for i in range(len(elements)):
                # nb elements[0:1] works in both string and list contexts
                yield perm[:i] + elements[0:1] + perm[i:]

A couple of alternative approaches are listed in the documentation of itertools.permutations. Here's one:

def permutations(iterable, r=None):
    # permutations('ABCD', 2) --> AB AC AD BA BC BD CA CB CD DA DB DC
    # permutations(range(3)) --> 012 021 102 120 201 210
    pool = tuple(iterable)
    n = len(pool)
    r = n if r is None else r
    if r > n:
        return
    indices = range(n)
    cycles = range(n, n-r, -1)
    yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices[:r])
    while n:
        for i in reversed(range(r)):
            cycles[i] -= 1
            if cycles[i] == 0:
                indices[i:] = indices[i+1:] + indices[i:i+1]
                cycles[i] = n - i
            else:
                j = cycles[i]
                indices[i], indices[-j] = indices[-j], indices[i]
                yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices[:r])
                break
        else:
            return

And another, based on itertools.product:

def permutations(iterable, r=None):
    pool = tuple(iterable)
    n = len(pool)
    r = n if r is None else r
    for indices in product(range(n), repeat=r):
        if len(set(indices)) == r:
            yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices)

 
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