我对包含数百万行的表进行了数据透视查询.正常运行查询，运行2秒，返回2983行.如果我将 TOP 1000 添加到查询中，则需要 10 秒才能运行.

I have a pivot query on a table with millions of rows. Running the query normally, it runs in 2 seconds and returns 2983 rows. If I add TOP 1000 to the query it takes 10 seconds to run.

这可能是什么原因造成的?

What could be causing this?

SELECT * 
  FROM (SELECT l.PatientID,
               l.LabID,
               l.Result
          FROM dbo.Labs l
          JOIN (SELECT MAX(LabDate) maxDate, 
                       PatientID, 
                       LabID 
                  FROM dbo.Labs 
              GROUP BY PatientID, LabID) s ON l.PatientID = s.PatientID
                                          AND l.LabID = s.LabID
                                          AND l.LabDate = s.maxDate) A
 PIVOT(MIN(A.Result) FOR A.LabID IN ([1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17])) p

执行计划:

这个替代公式有同样的问题:

This alternate formulation has the same problem:

select
    * 
FROM (
    SELECT 
        l.PatientID,
        l.LabID,
        l.Result
    FROM dbo.Labs l
    where l.LabDate = (
        select 
            MAX(LabDate) 
        from Labs l2 
        where l2.PatientID = l.PatientID 
            and l2.LabID = l.LabID
    )
) A
PIVOT(MIN(A.Result) FOR A.LabID IN ([1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17])) p

推荐答案

SELECT  TOP 1000
        *
FROM    (
        SELECT  patientId, labId, result,
                DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY patientId, labId ORDER BY labDate DESC) dr
        FROM    labs
        ) q
PIVOT   (
        MIN(result)
        FOR
        labId IN ([1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17])
        ) p
WHERE   dr = 1
ORDER BY
        patientId

您也可以尝试像这样创建索引视图:

You may also try creating an indexed view like this:

CREATE VIEW
        v_labs_patient_lab
WITH SCHEMABINDING
AS
SELECT  patientId, labId, COUNT_BIG(*) AS cnt
FROM    dbo.labs
GROUP BY
        patientId, labId

CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX
        ux_labs_patient_lab
ON      v_labs_patient_lab (patientId, labId)

并在查询中使用它:

SELECT  TOP 1000
        *
FROM    (
        SELECT  lr.patientId, lr.labId, lr.result
        FROM    v_labs_patient_lab vl
        CROSS APPLY
                (
                SELECT TOP 1 WITH TIES
                       result
                FROM   labs l
                WHERE  l.patientId = vl.patientId
                       AND l.labId = vl.labId
                ORDER BY
                       l.labDate DESC
                ) lr
        ) q
PIVOT   (
        MIN(result)
        FOR
        labId IN ([1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17])
        ) p
ORDER BY
        patientId